The situation of the Neocolonial Republic affected the economic and social life of the Cuban people. That is why the peasant sector joined the revolutionary struggle. At the beginning of 1913, the Association of Farmers of the Island of Cuba was founded, made up of poor peasants. This group emerged with its economic and social program, closely linked to the labor movement. His influence was manifested when, on March 16, 1913, the peasants of San Antonio began the organizational tasks in defense of the interests of the peasantry.
In a meeting held at the San Antonio Workers 'Circle, the delegates to the Workers' Congress of 1914 were elected. Interested in economic issues and the creation of schools and communication routes, they published a monthly newspaper called El Agricultor. The Rural Guard intervened in a meeting of farmers that took place at the Los Palacios farm, where the peasants Marcos Ortega Díaz and Andrés González González were arrested, among others, accused of spreading anarchist ideas. Several worker proclamations were found, as well as the draft statutes and regulations to establish the National Association of Farmers and a manifesto entitled El Soldado, printed in Havana, on December 12, 1918.
In the First Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba, the peasant issue was widely discussed, especially the problem of the settlers. There, it was resolved that the Party organize a national peasant group, taking the comrades from San Antonio de los Baños for the first jobs. The Circle of Workers of the locality was the meeting center of the Peasant Federation, where speakers participated, such as Románico Cordero, Dioscorides del Pino and Antero Regalado Falcón.